Essay about Ancient Egypt and Ancient Greece - 903 Words

â€Å"Ancient Egypt and Ancient Greece† According to history there existed two of many important ancient civilizations that left a significant mark in the history of human development that even today leaves modern society in awe of its greatness. In spite of being distant civilizations, Ancient Egypt and Ancient Greece share similarities and difference in terms of how they practiced religion,political structure, everyday life style, and how they built the monumental architectures that continued to amaze the modern world of today. These comparison and contrast explain their difference in history and their dynastys long term success. Through the early developmental age these two ancient civilizations contrasted in many ways perhaps due to†¦show more content†¦Ancient Egypt and Ancient Greece both believed in life after death, though the process in which they follow that belief differ greatly. The Greeks believed that at the moment of death the spirit leaves the body in the form of a little gust of wind or a puff of breath. The Greeks believed in proper burial rights that were performed in three parts, and the relatives mostly women are the ones that conduct these rituals for the deceased. Much like the modern world these rituals consist of the first step; laying out the body to be dressed, the second funeral procession, and the third step was the cremation of the body. Unlike the Greeks the Egyptians developed a process in which they prepared and preserved the dead for the afterlife, known as mummification. This process is believed to have been the purpose of the Egyptians famous pyramids, believed to be the stairs that would lead the Pharaohs to their kingdom in the afterlife. Artifacts are buried in their tombs such as gold, wine, and sculptures to accompany the dead in life after death. As widely admired civilizations both Ancient Egypt and ancient Greece prospered for many years, and is due to its political governing. In ancient Egypt the Pharaoh was perceived to be the embodiment of the all mighty sun god, and regarded him as a god himself. Therefore the Pharaoh was the ruler of all of Egypt and citizens did not have a say in politics. Egyptian class structure is best portrayed byShow MoreRelatedAncient Greece And Ancient Egypt Essay2265 Words   |  10 PagesAncient Greece and Ancient Egypt were both extremely prevalent societies between the times of 750 BCE and 450 BCE. For Greece, this includes a majority of what was considered the Archaic Age. During this time Greece was divided into many separate cities that each had their own distinct personality. For example, Spartans believed â€Å"it was deeds, not words, that counted† and â€Å"they organized their whole style of life around the demands of battle-readiness.† On the other hand, you have a city likeRead MoreSimilarities Between Ancient Egypt And Ancient Greece1103 Words   |  5 PagesAncient Egypt (3000 BCE – 30 BCE) and Ancient Greece (1200 BCE – 146 BCE) based their entire lives around their religious beliefs. These beliefs led to their religious practices which were included in every aspect of their lives. Since ancient Greece’s and ancient Egypt’s beliefs differ greatly, endless differences can be shown between their religious practices. However, between the two cultures, many surprising similarities can be seen in these religious practices despite the tremendous differencesRead MoreWomen in Ancient Egypt and Greece1311 Words   |  6 PagesWomen in Ancient Egypt and Greece By Morgan L. Harvey Throughout history women have faced many struggles in gaining equality with men. Freedoms and boundaries have been dependent upon the time period, rulers, religions and civilization. Ancient Greek women and Ancient Egyptian women were both equal to men as far as the law was concerned in certain areas; however, their equalities were different in the sense that Greek women were married out of necessity and viewed as property while EgyptianRead MoreMedicine in Ancient Egypt vs Ancient Greece Essay753 Words   |  4 PagesAncient civilizations played a massive role in how physicians today practice medicine. Without the ideas of ancient Egypt and ancient Greece, modern medicine may have been different. I feel that these two civilizations are responsible for many diagnostic tools we use today. I will be comparing and contrasting the medicinal practices of ancient Egypt and ancient Greece. By reading various papyri we are able to dive into the Egyptian practice of medicine. These papyri explore various illnesses andRead MoreRole of Women in Ancient Greece and Egypt2493 Words   |  10 PagesThe Role of Women in Ancient Greece and Egypt Throughout history, most societies held women in an inferior status compared to that of men. This was often justified as being the natural result of biological differences between the sexes. In many societies, for example, people believed women to be more emotional and less decisive than men. Women were also viewed to be less intelligent and less creative by nature. However, research shows that women and men have the same range of emotional, intellectualRead MoreMesopotamian Society : Ancient Egypt And Greece1207 Words   |  5 Pages Civilizations like Egypt and Greece have received their due acknowledgment by society, it is however Mesopotamia that often does not get there just recognition for their contributions to civilization as we know it. In this paper, we will reflect on Mesopotamian society in hopes to illuminate its significance to the constructs of western society. In order to fully appreciate what Mesopotamia has contributed, it should be understood how exactly it was formed. Years before any dynasty, peopleRead MorePhysical Fitness : Ancient Greece And Egypt1114 Words   |  5 PagesEmma Shepard Mrs. Nagel Physical Fitness 2 December 2016 Badminton originated in Ancient Greece and Egypt, but they knew it as battledore and shuttlecock. At this time rules weren’t written in hard ink, it was just a game played by children for fun. The bat was called the battledore, and the birdie was known as the shuttlecock. Players were supposed to hit the shuttlecock with the bat and keep it in the air as long as possible, and the object of the game was to keep it from touching the ground. BadmintonRead MoreCompare and Contrast Essay: Ancient Egypt and Greece812 Words   |  4 Pages806 Compare and Contrast Essay: Ancient Egypt and Greece There are many mysteries to life, ancient civilizations created religion to explain these mysteries. Many ancient civilizations believed in religions that worshiped more than one god or goddess, this is called polytheism. Both the Ancient Egyptians and the Ancient Greeks practiced polytheism. For both ancient civilizations religion was an important part of daily life. Ancient Egyptians and Ancient Greeks had similar creation storiesRead MoreCompare and Contrast Essay: Ancient Egypt and Greece2939 Words   |  12 PagesCompare and contrast essay: Ancient Egypt and Greece The ancient Egyptian and ancient Greek civilizations are two of the oldest known civilizations in our history. The Egyptian civilization, based in the eastern part of North Africa, is believed to have started around 3150 BC and continued till the end of the Pharaoh rule in 31 BC. The ancient Greek civilization is believed to have been in effect from 1100 BC till about 146 BC. Many similarities and differences existed between these two civilizationsRead MoreSimilarities in the Artwork of Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt, the Aegean cultures, and Ancient Greece941 Words   |  4 Pages The artworks of Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt, the Aegean cultures, and Ancient Greece have similarities that not only reflect objects and images, but also the media, style and representation. These countries were not always wealthy, clever, creative and powerful enough to gain supplies, but they all find a way to create art with what they had. They have all influenced on each other’s cultures and belief through their artistic values and ways, ranging from the materials and tools they use, position

An Analysis Of The Energizer Bunny Commercial Sequence Essay

Energizer batteries have been equated with long-lasting energy in your Walkman or other battery-operated appliance. quot;That damned Energizer bunnyquot; is the cause; hes so aggravating. It seems like that pink bunny rabbit is running across the television screen every other second, its so annoying. The advertising campaign has been so effective that not only did the company (finally) surpass Duracell in sales, but the advertising company was awarded an Obie (the advertising equivalent of the quot;Oscarquot;) as best commercial of the year. This essay shall attempt to analyze the series of quot;Energizer bunnyquot; advertisements. There is a current trend in modern television advertising for a series of commercials†¦show more content†¦The last camera shot is that of the bunny, headed for the doors amid wires and lights and such, and a voice over the intercom says, in an authoritarian voice (probably the director of the commercial), quot;Stop the bunny.quot; The humor from this scene stems from the unexpectedness of the bunnys actions; it has a life of its own. The voice of the director adds to this because his words and tone of voice suggest that he, too, was unaware of this happening. We dont know what happened to the bunny at this point in time, until they show the other ads. The other ads can be grouped into two categories: commercials which advertise other quot;fakequot; products until the bunny comes barging in with that damned bass drum, and views of vast, wide-open spaces (which sometimes include landmarks around the world, like Notre Dame in France, an island in the Bermuda Triangle, et cetera) with the sounds which naturally occur at these sites, then having ones ears assailed with those @%!#$ drums! It is now that the viewer subconsciously realizes that yes, the bunny has truly quot;escapedquot; from the jail called the television studio, and is now free to roam the world and do as it pleases (which is simply just to follow the beat of his own drummer [being himself {this is getting WAY too parenthetical}]). A similar correlation can be made from this thought and anotherShow MoreRelatedIntroduction to Marketing21178 Words   |  85 PagesSome organizations have objectives that are not focused on monetary profitÂâ€"e.g., promoting literacy or preventing breast cancer. An analysis is made, taking into consideration issues such as organizational resources, competitors, the competitors strengths, different types of customers, changes in the market, or the impact of new technology. Based on this analysis, a plan is made based on tradeoffs between the advantages and disadvantages of different options available. This strategy is then

Auditing Theory and Practice for Familiarity Threat- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theAuditing Theory and Practice for Familiarity Threat. Answer: Introduction As per the IESBAs Code of Ethics for the Professional Accountants the conceptual framework requires the professional accountant to evaluate, mention and identify the threats to comply with the fundamental principles. The approaches of conceptual framework assist the professional auditor to comply with ethical requirement of the IESBA Code and serving the public interest (Clarke et al. 2017). Familiarity threat The familiarity threat arises where the auditor has a close or ling relationship with the client company. as in the given case, Lola Payne, the previous auditor of Dockland allowed to act as the accountant of the company as the accountant of the company resigned and the client is not able to up to date their accounting records (Hayes, Rick, Philip Wallage, and Hans Gortemaker 2014). As Lola Payne acted as the auditor of the company it will be regarded as she had a close relationship with the company that will raise the familiarity threat and it may affect the objectivity of the professional. Further, the ex-auditors engagement as the accountant of the client company will have an impact on the independence of the auditor. Further, as per IESBA, 2 years cooling off period shall be there to reduce the negative impact of engaging ex-auditor as an employee of the company. Therefore, in the given case Lola Payne shall not accept the offer of engagement as the accountant of the client compa ny as it will violate the professional ethics and will have an adverse impact on the independency of the auditor (Houghton, Keith, and Tom Campbell 2013). Materiality The materiality concept is crucial for the auditor as well as the clients. However, no agreed-upon guidelines are there with respect to numeric or any specific criteria to determine whether any fact is material or not. Generally, the term audit materiality is defined as the top level of misstatement as per the judgement of the auditor but can be tolerated by the financial statement users. Here in the given case, during audit of Dockland Lola found that client understated the profit after tax in the tax return of the previous year. However, even afyter discussing the matter with the management; they were not willing to take the corrective action. After that Lola decided informing the ATO (Australian Taxation Office). However, the auditor is to carry out his audit and as per his findings issue the report as qualified or unqualified and he is not supposed to take further steps like informing the third party for the materiality. Therefore, in the given case, Lola shall issue the qualifie d report and shall not inform the ATO (Australian Taxation Office) on his own otherwise it will violate the professional ethics (Clarke et al. 2017). Self-interest threat This threat arises when there is a chance that the financial interest or other interest will influence the behaviour or judgement of the auditor inappropriately. Professional auditor may find himself in a situation where he or his close family members or his employees may offered free gifts, preferred treatments or hospitality that will give rise to the self-interest threat. Here in the given case, the auditor, Lola Payne, after completion of the fieldwork, offered free tickets by Client Companys managing director to show his appreciation with respect to audit job (Mostafa Mohamed, Diana, and Magda Hussien Habib 2013). An offer by a client for hospitality or gifts to the audit team member gives rise to self-interest threat with respect to the objectivity as the offer may influence the judgement or opinion of the auditor. However, the value of the gift and intention of the client must be analysed before reaching any conclusion. Therefore, the value of six tickets is to be measured her e to reach any judgement. Further, dealing with inducement or offers is not a simple issue to deal with even when there is a clear-cut solution. Decision to reject or accept the gift or offer will solely depend on value, intent and nature of the offer. However, to maintain the professional independency Lola Payne shall not accept the offer otherwise it will have an impact on maintaining his independency (Blankley et al. 2012). Audit fees The threat of self-interest may arise if the audit fees remain due for long time, especially when the fees remain unpaid before issuing the following years audit report. Normally, the client is required to make the payment for the audit fees before the audit report is issued. However, if the fees is not paid even after the issue of the audit report, it will give rise to self-interest threat (Sarwoko, Iman, and Sukrisno Agoes 2014). Further, the audit firm shall consider whether unpaid fees can be regarded as equal to the loan to the client as the significance of unpaid fees may prevent the firm from reappointment. Here in the given case, the partner from Joyce Mark is unhappy as the client Dockland is taking too much time for payment of audit fees and they decided taking $ 5000 from the trust fund that the audit firm holds for the client. Moreover, the audit firm intends replacing the amount as soon as the client make the payment of audit fees. Taking the money out from the clients fund is violation of auditors professional ethics and it will give rise to self-interest threat. Further, whatever decision may be taken by the audit firm regarding the audit fees must be discussed with the management of Client Company. Therefore, taking out $ 5,000 from the clients fund as the unpaid fees will violate the professional ethics and impact the auditors independence (Erah, Dominic Ose, and Famous Izedonmi 2012). Conclusion and recommendation From the above discussion, it is recognized that in all the above situations the auditor is violating the professional ethics that will have an impact on the independence of the auditors. Therefore, while carrying out the audit, the auditor shall not involve any any such activity that will reduce the independence level of the auditor. References Blankley, Alan I., David N. Hurtt, and Jason E. MacGregor. "Abnormal audit fees and restatements."Auditing31, no. 1 (2012): 79. Clarke, Brian, David Gilchrist, Roger Simnett, and Ken Trotman. 2017. ADVANCED AUDIT AND ASSURANCE. Ebook. 2nd ed. Victoria: Deakin University. Erah, Dominic Ose, and Famous Izedonmi. "Non audit services and auditors independence in Nigeria."International Journal of Business and Management Tomorrow2, no. 7 (2012): 1-8. Hayes, Rick, Philip Wallage, and Hans Gortemaker.Principles of auditing: an introduction to international standards on auditing. Pearson Higher Ed, 2014. Houghton, Keith, and Tom Campbell.Ethics and auditing. ANU Press, 2013. Mostafa Mohamed, Diana, and Magda Hussien Habib. "Auditor independence, audit quality and the mandatory auditor rotation in Egypt."Education, Business and Society: Contemporary Middle Eastern Issues6, no. 2 (2013): 116-144. Sarwoko, Iman, and Sukrisno Agoes. "An Empirical Analysis of Auditor's Industry Specialization, Auditor's Independence and Audit Procedures on Audit Quality: Evidence from Indonesia."Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences164 (2014): 271-281. Thibodeau, Jay, and Deborah Freier.Auditing and accounting cases: Investigating issues of fraud and professional ethics. McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2013.

Strategic Choice And Deterministic Theories †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Choice And Deterministic Theories. Answer: Exploring the paradigm wars in organizational theory The essay is concerned with the critical analysis of the strategic choice and deterministic theories. The analysis will clarify the understanding of the actions taking place in the organization and how they will contribute to the development of the organization. The strategic choice theory describes the maintenance of industrial relations and coping up with the uncertainties using the strategic approach. Thereafter the deterministic theory shall be analyzed and all its 3 theories i.e. resource dependency theory, industrial theory and population ecology which is a broader aspect and inculcated variety of options. The best suitable approach for organizational development and accomplishment of actions will be selected and the reason for the selection of the particular theory will be quoted. In nutshell, the essay will discuss the various aspects and approach that affect the business and if wise steps are taken then profit maximisation could be initiated and employee engagement might be gained as well which might result beneficial for the organization as a whole. Strategic choice is an important factor for the development of an organization. It highly contributes to determining the organizational actions and assists the manager's inadequate decision making. For developing the clear understanding of the organization and controlling its internal and external affairs the strategic choice theory has been developed. This particular theory has been developed in U.S. at the time when the changes in the industrial relations were taking place rapidly (Wheelen Hunger, 2017). The strategic choice theory focuses on the external forces that are directly and indirectly related to the organizational affairs and assists in building up the relations between the employer-employee and creating the betterment in employer-employee relations as well. The changing external environment is analyzed and accordingly, the competitive strategies are designed to fight with the dynamic market. The manager undertakes the changes in the competitive strategies which result i n the emergence of various values, beliefs, philosophies, and innovation in decision-making techniques (Pisano, 2017). The companies now adopt the decentralization method where the part of responsibility followed by authority is rendered to the employees so that they may also take the decision and even their decision-making skills get improved. The suggestions and ideas from the low-level employees result in the betterment of the relations and the employee engagement with the organization gets increased. This develops the belongingness of employees within the firm and the time that has been saved in making small decisions is invested in certain more important deals which lead to the development of the organization as a whole. While making the strategic changes the crucial points that need to be noticed are decision making groups and immediatemanagement of the uncertainty that could strike the business (Jinjisoshiki, 2017). There is a certain strategic approach that could be learned for the betterment of the business: The first strategic approach is the immediate decision making in the particular situation using the limited resources. Strategies are the planning and plotting of the decision for the particular thing or accomplishment of the predefined objections. But there are situations that occur on the sudden basis and the rapid decision has to be taken. At that point, the intellectual skills and risk-taking power of the person could be analyzed (Tatham, 2017). The second approach towards the strategic choice is to deal with the uncertainties and how the manager deals with the unpredictable situations. The nature of problem needs to be analyzed whether it is a technical, political or procedural event and how each one could be repaired on the urgent basis by adding on the profit is the time where the skills of an efficient manager could be ranked. The third strategic approach is incremental in nature and the framework designed for this is known as commitment package (Cook, Salter Stadler, 2017). In these kinds of strategies, the priorities have been set and accordingly the problems and uncertain situations could be solved out. The balance has been derived from the decisions that need to be inculcated currently and some decisions could be left pending for the near future. The final fourth approach is interactive in nature and it is not meant for the experts of the field who are settled in the back office and handling the management, this strategy is for those people that have come from the divergent backgrounds and efforts have been made to initiate the communication between them (Hill, Jones Schilling, 2014). It designs the collaboration to collect people at the place and harmony gets created in the organization. Better the internal communication of the organization strong will be the internal organizational structure. Through the medium of interaction, the hesitation among the peers, superiors, and subordinates is lowered and many latent things get discovered which at la st prove to be the gem for the organization (David David, 2016). The knowledge expansion takes place along with the enhancement in the interpersonal skills and abilities of the employees which will be beneficial from the perspective of the individual as well as the organization (University of Cambridge, 2016). Deterministic theories are those positions within an organization that defines the entire practices that are happening in the organization along with the present these theories helps in assessing the practical positions that happened in past and are likely to happen in the near future. It could be linked up with the law of Newton where once the entire specifications have been rendered the nearby aspects could be evaluated. Though the exact thing cannot be predicted the relevant hypothesis could be drawn (Chen, Du Tang, 2015). There are three different theories involved in the deterministic theories which are resource dependency theory, institutional theory and population ecology which helps in the development of the organization and defining the further actions of the organization (Philosophy to go, 2011). Resource dependency theory investigates the connection between the organization and the resources involved in the organization for the operational purpose. Resources are many types and forms it involves the usage of raw material for the manufacturing purpose, labor and the finance required to continue the working and run the business in an effective manner. No business could flourish without the resources, each type of resource is necessary enough for the accomplishment of the organizational objective (Jajja, Kannan, Brah Hassan, 2017). Without the natural resources and direct material, manufacturing will not be able to take place and the basic product and services might get lack. But care has to be taken with regards to the scarcity of these natural resources and sustainable development must be adopted and for that sake use of advanced technology should be made so that depletion is not caused and the resources do not get wasted and recycling may be possible. Then comes the labor wh ich is another crucial resource and hard to find the competent one and even harder to retain the one. The human resources are the asset for the company and better relationship must be developed with them by adopting the adequate labor policies and equality must be focussed along with rendering the better working quality to the employees. Another important resource on which the organizations development is highly dependent is financial resources. It is rightly said that finance is the blood of the organization, thus the best source of finance should be selected. Investors could be attracted through the books of the companies and the books must be maintained wisely and evasion should be avoided as it is not only for the individual purpose but the country is also concerned with each and every organizations earnings as their earning cumulatively affects the GDP of the nation. As discussed the companies are dependent on these resources and so much dependency is also the risk factor and b rings about the uncertainty in the business as the supplier and providers might play a trump card against the business thus the backup plan should always be there with the company to lower the risk and stay in win-win situation (Voss Brettel, 2014). An institutional theory is an internal environment within the organization. It is that formal atmosphere that is required in the organization for its development. It involves the definite structure and culture that is to be followed in the company. By structure is meant the management hierarchy, policies, and procedures of the company. These policies must be formulated and the employees must strictly abide by these policies to maintain the discipline and strengthen the organization. Also, the second aspect of the institutional theory is that the organizational formal plan needs to be constructed keeping in view the environment and prior structure of the organization and accordingly changes must be implemented (Keohane Martin, 2014). Over budget and showcasing plan must be avoided. The last deterministic theory is population ecology theory which focuses on the dual aspects involving the adaptation and selection of the environment for the organization. The adaptability theory focuses on the adaptation of the changing environment within and outside the environment, it is resistant to changes. The selection technique is somewhat opposite of the adaptation technology, in it, the environment for the organization has to be selected as per the suitability of the organization (MacCormick Weinberger 2013). The adaptation theories have been initiated which supports the selection method as well. An adaptation theory involves the strategic options which include setting up of the standard structure for the betterment of the organization. The population ecology is based upon the population prevailing within the organization and adopting the environment accordingly. The population analysis could be done by creating the census within the company. The census can be developed by measuring the changes taking place in the organization, the death rates and turnover rate of the employees (Garcilazo, 2011). The most likely to choose perspective for the betterment of the organization is a deterministic theory. This theory comprises of wider aspect and covers the broad scope within the organization. The three theories of deterministic theory involve the strategic choice as well. The resource dependency theory focuses on the sustainability and optimum utilization of the resources. The care should be taken while selecting the sources of collecting resources and plans need to be made such that in the case of uncertainty the loss could be prevented. The institutional theory is concerned with the internal structure and culture of the organization and how it could be efficiently managed and changed to implement development in the organization. Whilst making the institutional changes it must be kept in mind that changes are in accordance with the status of the organization and suitable within the set budget. Unnecessary implementation of heavy organizational structure within the institute is wor thless with concern to the small organization. The population ecology argues over the census within the organization and the turnover rate of employees. The census could be measured by calculating the overall population of the organization and death rate taking place within the company. The average presence rate could be evaluated with this which will compare the number of incoming employees over the outflow of the employees. Population ecology also considers the environment within the organization and adaptability towards the changes. It argues over both the internal and the external environment of the company. Therefore the deterministic theory is considered to be the most suitable one in the context of the organizational development and performing the adequate actions for the betterment of the company. The wider aspect covers every possible measure of the institute and many valuable things get implemented in an organization (MacMillan Komar, 2017). Hence, from the above essay, it could be concluded that strategic choices are based on the adoption of various strategies. The strategies differ as per the nature and size of eth organization. The strategic choice theory has been developed that states the development of industrial relations and enhancing the employer-employee and peers relationship within the organization so that belongingness of employees with the organization gets increased. Strategic choice also defines the uncertainty likely to occur in the business and how the managers are going to deal with it. Accordingly, the strategic approaches have been discussed as well quoting the four various approaches that might render the magnificent results when applied. Thereafter the deterministic theory has been elucidated which involves the 3 theories within it that are resource dependency theory, institutional theory, and population ecology. The resource dependency theory discusses the importance and sustainability of the natur al, human and financial resources. But more of the dependence is also not as beneficial for the organization as then the supplier of resources might increase their terms and conditions and change the demand by analyzing the changing market situation. The institutional theory quotes about the organizational structure and culture and how the hierarchy within the company contributes to the development of the business. The organizational strategies should be such that met the objective of the organization and is suitable for the company. The population ecology is concerned with the census within the organization and what are the incoming and joining people and what are the death and leaving rates. It is also concerned with the adaptability of changes taking place in the internal and external environment of the organization. References Chen, Z., Du, F., Tang, X. (2015). Position and orientation best-fitting based on deterministic theory during large scale assembly.Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 1-11. Cook, J. E., Salter, A., Stadler, G. (2017). Identity concealment and chronic illness: A strategic choice.Journal of Social Issues,73(2), 359-378. David, F., David, F. R. (2016). Strategic management: A competitive advantage approach, concepts and cases. https://dl.icdst.org/pdfs/files/864a56b9fba71d7ecc5491531fe27c61.pdf. Accessed on 10th October 2017. Garcilazo, J. (2011). The Theory of population ecology considered by adaptation theories.Visin de Futuro. Vol.15, no. 1. Hill, C. W., Jones, G. R., Schilling, M. A. (2014).Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Jajja, M. S. S., Kannan, V., Brah, S. A., Hassan, S. Z. (2017). Linkages between firm innovation strategy, suppliers, product innovation, and business performance: insights from resource dependence theory.International Journal of Operations Production Management, (just-accepted), 00-00. Jinjisoshiki. (2017). Strategic choice theory. https://www.geocities.co.jp/WallStreet/4716/schoice.htm. Accessed on 10th October 2017. Keohane, R. O., Martin, L. L. (2014). Institutional theory as a research program.The Realism Reader, 320. MacCormick, N., Weinberger, O. (2013).An institutional theory of law: new approaches to legal positivism. Vol. 3. Springer Science Business Media. Holland. MacMillan, K., Komar, J. (2017). Population Ecology (Organizational Ecology): An Experiential Exercise Demonstrating How Organizations in an Industry Are Born, Change, and Die.Journal of Management Education, 1052562917730381. Philosophy to go. (2011). Deterministic theories. https://www.philosophytogo.org/wordpress/?p=2057. Accessed on 10th October 2017. Pisano, G. P. (2017). Toward a prescriptive theory of dynamic capabilities: connecting strategic choice, learning, and competition.Industrial and Corporate Change,26(5), 747-762. Tatham, M. (2017). Disentangling actors from their environment? Pitfalls and added-value of the strategic-choice approach.International Journal of Public Administration, 1-14. University of Cambridge. (2016). Strategic choice approach. https://www.ifm.eng.cam.ac.uk/research/dstools/strategic-choice-approach/. Accessed on 10th October 2017. Voss, U., Brettel, M. (2014). The effectiveness of management control in small firms: Perspectives from resource dependence theory.Journal of Small Business Management,52(3), 569-587. Wheelen, T. L., Hunger, J. D. (2017).Strategic management and business policy. Pearson.